Government
o What are the
requirements for formal governance?
1. The constitution
2. State enacted
legislation
3. Administrative
institutions
4. State power
o What are the main
contents of the constitution?
1. Powers, duties and
limitations of the government
2. Organization and
structure of administrative institutions
3. How administrative
inst. integrate with each other
4. Civil
participation in government
5. Provisions to
safeguard law and order
6. Basic human rights
o Name the three
basic institutions involved in the formal governance of a country.
1. The Legislature –
Framing legislations
2. The Executive –
Enforcement of law
3. The Judiciary –
Investigates violations of laws and metes out justice
o What is
“sovereignty”?
“The supreme power of the state
that can be imposed on the subjects, and not bound by any law.” – Jean Bodin
o Why is it
necessary to have good governance?
1. To maintain peace,
law and order
2. To maintain
equality through the promotion of human rights
3. To have a good
social environment
4. To administer
justice
5. To maintain
freedom
o Draw a diagram
depicting the structure of a provincial council.
Provincial
Council
 |
Chief Minister Governor Secretary
Ministers
1. Clerks
2. Technical officers
Councillors
3. Drivers
4. Minor employees
o What are the
functions of a provincial council?
1. Carry out the
administrative activities within the limits of the powers granted by the
Central Government
2. Supervise the
activities of the Local Government Institutions
3. Carry out the
development and welfare activities, provide employment, etc.
o Name the public
administration institutions.
1. Gramaniladhari
Office
2. Divisional
Secretariat
3. District
Secretariat (Kachcheri)
4. Ministry of Public
Administration
o What are the
functions of a District Secretary?
1. Administration of
the provincial council
2. Enforcing
government decisions within the district
3. Conducting
elections within the district
4. Carry out
development, welfare, educational, cultural and social activities
5. Maintain peace and
justice
o What are the local
government institutions?
1. Urban Council – 39
2. Municipal Council
–18
3. Pradeshiya Sabha
(1994) –257 (the area of a Divisional Secretariat)
o What is the term
of a local government institution? 4 years
o What is the system
of election employed in electing representatives for local government
institutions?
Proportional Representation
o Draw a diagram of
the structure of the “Pradeshiya Sabha”.
Chairman
Members secretary
Clerks
Technical officers
Labourers
o Draw a diagram of
the structure of the Urbane Council.
Chairman
Deputy
chairman secretary
Council Members
Clerks
Technical officers
Labourers
o Draw a diagram of
the structure of the Municipal Council.
Deputy Mayor
Municipal Council 
Mayor 
Municipal Commissioner Clerks,
technicians, Minor staff
o What are the
powers of local governments?
1. Levying taxes
2. Issuing street
line certificates
3. Removing illegal
constructions
4. Prohibiting
activities that might lead to public health hazards
5. Initiation of
legal actions against those who are involved in illegal or fraudulent
activities
6. Removal of slums
7. Prohibit
businesses, etc. that violate environmental laws
o What are the
functions of the local government institution?
1. Carry out
development activities
2. Collect rates and
taxes
3. Organize national
festivals and functions
4. Removal of garbage
5. Supply water,
electricity, etc.
6. Maintaining roads,
bridges, culverts, etc.
7. Maintaining
drainage & sewage disposal systems
8. Conservation of
environment
9. Planning
construction
10. Maintaining public
places
11. Supervision of
places that produce food
12. Maintaining a Fire
Brigade
o How are local
government institutions financed?
1. Central Government
grants
2. Revenue from rates
and taxes
3. Income from
leasing and renting property owned by local government institutions
4. Tax collected from
cemeteries
5. Revenue collected
from vehicle parks
o What are the
responsibilities and obligations of the public related to the services provided
by the LGI?
1. Electing suitable
representatives
2. Pointing out
shortcomings
3. Obey and protect
rules and regulations
4. Assist development
activities
5. Make effective use
of services and facilities
6. Pay taxes and
rates on time
7. Protect public
property
8. Protect the
environment
9. Help to keep the
area clean
o Name occasions in
which people participate in governance.
1. Presidential
Election
2. Parliamentary
Election
3. Referendum
4. Provincial Council
Election
5. Local Government
Election
o What is “Universal
Franchise”?
“The right of every citizen who has
fulfilled the required qualifications to be a voter irrespective of sex to be a
voter is called Universal Franchise”.
o When was SL
granted Universal Franchise?
In 1931 under Donoughmore Commission
o When was the
eligibility age reduced to 18? In 1959
o What are the
requirements to be a voter in SL?
1. Should be a
citizen of SL
2. Above 18 years of
age
3. Should not have
been under imprisonment for more than 07 years
4. Should not have
been given Death Sentence
5. Should not have
been punished for election related violence
6. Should not be
stripped of Civil Rights
7. Should have maintained 6 months of continuous
residence in the are within the 18-month period prior to the election
8. Should not be
insane
9. Voters List
o What is the
importance of “Universal Franchise”?
1. Give opportunities
to be involved in government
2. An expression of
the Sovereign Power of the people
3. A tool to change
ineffective governments
4. A tool to select a
government with a vision
5. Opportunity to
express public opinion – referendums
o What are the
rights of a voter?
1. Have a fair, just
and impartial election
2. Right to use one’s
vote independently
3. Right to appear as
a candidate
4. Work for the
victory of a political party
5. Organize election
meetings, rallies, publicity campaigns
o What are the
duties of the Voters?
1. Cooperate in
conducting a free and fair election
2. Do not interfere in the processes of voting
3. Respect the rights
of the other candidates
4. Tolerate the
opinions of others and work cordially with the members of the other political
parties
o What are the
functions of a political party?
1. Create awareness
about current crises
2. Guide the
government on the correct path
3. Preserve national
unity
4. Take part in
development activities
5. Direct people to
work towards the development of the country
o What are the
measures a political party could take to build unity in a multiracial
community?
1. Enrolling members
without discrimination
2. Create awareness
on social and political issues
3. Prevent
discrimination
4. Implement majority
decision
5. Establish policies
acceptable to everyone and suitable to the country
6. Avoid making
statements and actions detrimental to national unity
7. Implement policies
irrespective of racial, religious, class and caste differences
o What are the
duties of a national leader?
1. Identify problems
2. Study national
issues
3. Honest, humble and
impartial in the execution of duties
4. Lead an exemplary
life and refrain from activities that may cause embarrassment
5. Act according to
the general policies
6. Avoid making
statements provoking division
7. Represent all
groups of people
8. Instruct and
organize the public to overcome problems
_____________________________________________________________________________________
1. When was the
present constitution compiled? 1978
2. When was the
previous constitution compiled? 1972
3. When was the
chapter on human rights was included in the constitution? 1972
4. What is the
internationally recognized document on human rights? When was it compiled? Universal
declaration of Human Rights - 1948
5. Which chapters of
the constitution of Sri Lanka deal with basic human rights of the citizens? Chapter
3: 10-17
6. What would prevent
a citizen of a country from the right to leave and return to his own country? Being
wanted for a criminal activity
7. Why is it
necessary to outline the limits of basic human rights? In order to safeguard public security,
racial and religious harmony, and parliamentary privileges.
8. What measures
could a person take if his human rights were violated? Seek the assistance
of the Supreme Courts
9. What is the role
of the “ombudsman”? Mediate in case a government servant is discriminated of
his rights are violated
10. When was the Human
Rights Commission created? 1996 No.21 SL Human Rights Commission Act
11. What are the
conditions under which a person may lose Civil Rights?
Defamation of the judiciary
Violation of election laws
Universal
Franchise
1. Name the three
most significant election reforms introduced before independence.
2. Which reform
allowed women the right to vote?
3. Which reform
proposed franchise for educated and landed portion of the population?
4. Which reform
introduced party system to the election procedure?
Proportional
Representation
1. Name the election
procedure practiced prior to the introduction of proportional representation?
Simple Majority Representative System
2. When was the
proportional representation introduced? 1978
3. What are the
stipulations with regard to proportional representation in the constitution?
o Determination of
the boundaries of the electorates
o Distribution of
the no. of candidates among the electorates according to the demography, etc.
o The methodology of
conducting an election under Proportional Representative System
4. What is the number
of electorates according to the constitution? 20- 24
5. How many
representatives could be elected to the parliament? 196
6. How many could be
appointed from the National List? 29
7. What are the ways
in which a parliament could be dissolved before due time?
o The president
could dissolve the parliament one year after a general election
o Failure to pass a
Finance Bill
8. What are the
duties of an Election Commissioner?
o Announce the date
of election
o Accept Nominations
o Conduct elections
o Announce results
o Invite the winners
to form a government
9. What is the
mechanism of a general election?
o The process of
accepting nominations
o The process of
election
o The process of
announcing the results
o The process
related to the establishment of a new government
10. Name the
weaknesses of the proportional representation?
o High expenditure
o As there are
several representatives for an electorate people are not sure of whom they
should approach
o Some areas with
fewer votes would be neglected
11. What were the
weaknesses of the previous system of representation?
o Minorities were
neglected
o When inefficient
representative neglected the electorate the voters did not have an alternative
12. What are the
positive points of multi-party system?
o Minorities are
represented
Alternative
for the public
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